<class.xii/> COMPUTER_SCIENCE
// Advanced syllabus: user-defined functions, exception handling, file I/O, data structures, networks, and SQL with mysql.connector.
UNIT 1 — Computational Thinking & Programming
// 8 chapters · revision → functions → exceptions → files (txt/bin/csv) → stacks
Revision of Python (Class XI)
Problem-Solving · Tokens · Data Types · Operators · I/O · Errors · Flow · Loops · Strings · Lists · Tuples · Dicts · Modules
Functions
Types · Definition & Call · Parameters · Arguments · Return · Scope · Worked Programs
Exception Handling
try · except · else · finally · raise · Custom Error Messages · Worked Programs
Introduction to Files
Data Persistence · Text vs Binary vs CSV · File Paths · open() · Modes · close() · with-statement
Text Files
write · writelines · read · readline · readlines · seek · tell · Worked Programs
Binary Files
pickle.dump · pickle.load · Create · Read · Search · Append · Update · seek & tell
CSV Files
csv module · writer · writerow · writerows · reader · DictReader · Worked Programs
Data Structures — Stack
LIFO · push · pop · peek · isEmpty · List-based Implementation · Applications
UNIT 2 — Computer Networks
// 1 chapter · data communication · protocols
UNIT 3 — Database Management
// 3 chapters · concepts → advanced sql → python/mysql connectivity
Database Concepts & SQL Basics
Relational Model · Keys · Data Types · Constraints · DDL · DML · Simple SELECT
Advanced SQL
WHERE · LIKE · BETWEEN · IN · ORDER BY · Aggregates · GROUP BY · HAVING · JOIN
Python ⇔ MySQL Connectivity
mysql.connector · connect · cursor · execute · fetch · commit · rollback · Worked Programs